India–China Relations: “Good Neighbours and Friends,” Says Xi Jinping

Chinese President Xi Jinping has described India and China as “good neighbours, friends, and partners,” extending warm greetings to Indian President Droupadi Murmu on the occasion of India’s Republic Day. The statement was reported by the British news agency Reuters, citing China’s state-run news agency, Xinhua.

Speaking on the progress of bilateral ties, Xi said, “Over the past year, China–India relations have consistently improved and developed. This is crucial not only for our two nations but also for maintaining and promoting global peace and prosperity. China firmly believes that being good neighbours, friends, and partners is the correct path for both China and India.”

Xi Jinping employed a vivid metaphor to describe the relationship, referring to it as “the dance of the dragon and the elephant,” symbolising the careful coordination and collaboration required between the two Asian giants. He emphasised that both nations are committed to enhancing communication, expanding cooperation, and addressing each other’s concerns to foster a stable and healthy relationship.

The India–China border stretches over approximately 3,800 kilometres and remains only partially demarcated. The border dispute dates back to the 1950s, and tensions escalated dramatically in 2020, when clashes in the Galwan Valley resulted in the deaths of 20 Indian soldiers and several Chinese troops. Following the incident, both countries increased their military presence in the Himalayan region, heightening strategic and security concerns.

Despite these historical tensions, recent diplomatic efforts have aimed to normalise relations. High-level bilateral visits resumed, signalling a willingness to strengthen dialogue and cooperation. In 2025, direct commercial flights between the two nations were reinstated, facilitating trade, tourism, and people-to-people exchanges. Both countries have also focused on expanding trade and investment, partly in response to the increasingly assertive policies of the United States in the Indo-Pacific region.

The table below summarises key developments in China–India relations over recent years:

In conclusion, while historical disputes and security concerns continue to influence Sino-Indian relations, recent efforts in diplomacy, trade, and high-level engagement indicate a deliberate push toward stability, collaboration, and mutual benefit. Analysts note that maintaining this balance will be essential for regional peace and global economic prosperity.