Limited Reopening of Rafah Border Crossing

The Rafah border crossing, a vital gateway for Palestinians in Gaza, reopened on Monday after months of closure, according to an Israeli security official. However, Egyptian state-linked media reported that, in the initial phase, only 50 people will be permitted to cross in each direction per day, marking a highly restricted resumption of operations.

Prior to the reopening, Gaza experienced a deadly round of Israeli airstrikes over the weekend, which the Gaza Civil Defence reported killed over a dozen civilians. The Israeli military claimed the strikes were a response to Palestinian fighters emerging from a tunnel in Rafah city. The attacks highlight the continued security tensions surrounding the border even as limited movement resumes.

Rafah serves as Gaza’s sole crossing point with Egypt that does not pass through Israeli territory, making it a crucial conduit for both people and essential goods. During the ongoing conflict with Hamas, Israeli forces took control of the crossing in May 2024, effectively closing it to civilian movement. Since then, the crossing has largely remained inactive, severely restricting residents’ access to medical care, educational travel, and humanitarian supplies.

A partial, strictly controlled trial operation was initiated on Sunday, though it did not involve civilian movement. The reopening followed persistent calls from humanitarian organisations urging access for medical emergencies and critical travel. An Israeli official stated, “Following the arrival of EU Border Assistance Mission (EUBAM) teams, the Rafah crossing has now been reopened for residents’ movement in both entry and exit directions.” This highlights the EU’s role in monitoring and facilitating the reopening.

Egyptian state media reported that, during the first few days, 50 individuals from each side would be allowed to cross. Sources linked to Egypt’s intelligence agency told Al-Kahera News that the arrangement is being strictly adhered to in the opening phase. On Monday, several dozen people reportedly gathered at the Egyptian side of the border, waiting to enter Gaza.

The Israeli state broadcaster Kan confirmed that the crossing will operate approximately six hours daily, underlining the highly limited nature of current transit.

For many Palestinians, the reopening is a lifeline. Mohamad Nasir, who lost a leg early in the conflict, described the crossing as “a lifeline.” He explained that he requires a medical procedure unavailable in Gaza but possible abroad, reflecting the essential humanitarian role of Rafah.

Rafah Border Crossing: Key Details

While the reopening provides some relief, the restricted numbers and limited hours highlight the ongoing humanitarian challenges. Experts have emphasised the need to gradually expand capacity to meet Gaza’s pressing medical and travel requirements while maintaining strict security oversight.