Assam’s state assembly has passed a controversial bill prohibiting polygamy, making it punishable by up to ten years’ imprisonment. However, the law will not apply in Scheduled Tribe areas, a provision that has sparked debate among social activists and political commentators.
The ‘Assam Prohibition of Polygamy Bill 2025’, passed on Thursday, highlights the severe physical and psychological suffering faced by women subjected to polygamous marriages. Under the legislation, men who enter into multiple marriages while still legally married are liable not only to criminal penalties but also to compensate the affected women financially. The compensation must be provided directly by the man found guilty of polygamy.
The bill defines polygamy as a man marrying another woman while his first wife is still alive and without a legally recognised divorce. Even if a divorce decree has been issued but is pending execution or under appeal, any subsequent marriage will be considered polygamy under this law.
The bill was introduced by Assam’s Chief Minister, Himanta Biswa Sharma, during a session in which opposition lawmakers from Congress, CPI(M), and the Raijor Dal were largely absent. Reports suggest that some opposition members left the assembly shortly before the bill was presented, raising questions about the democratic process and public consultation.
After the bill was passed, Chief Minister Sharma emphasised that the law applies to all religions. “Many assume that this targets the Muslim community, but that is not the case. Polygamy also occurs among Hindus and other communities, and protecting women from such practices is our responsibility. The bill is applicable to Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and members of all other communities,” he said.
Legal experts have noted that while the legislation could significantly enhance women’s rights and protection in Assam, implementing it fairly across diverse communities will require careful oversight, awareness campaigns, and coordination with local authorities, particularly in rural and tribal regions.
