Sudden Measles Surge: Causes and Precautions

Bangladesh is currently witnessing a notable surge in measles cases, prompting concern among healthcare professionals. Hospitals and clinics are reporting increased admissions of children exhibiting symptoms of the disease. Measles, a highly contagious viral infection, primarily attacks the respiratory system and can spread rapidly from person to person, especially in densely populated areas.

Why Is Measles Increasing?

The sudden rise in measles cases is largely attributed to gaps in vaccination coverage. Many children miss out on routine immunisation under the government’s Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), leaving them without sufficient immunity. Factors such as overcrowding, poor nutrition, and lack of awareness exacerbate virus transmission. Incomplete vaccination or the absence of immunisation places large segments of the population at risk, creating conditions for outbreaks.

The Importance of Vaccination

Measles is not merely a disease causing fever and rashes; it can lead to severe complications. These include pneumonia, severe diarrhoea, ear infections that may cause permanent hearing loss, and encephalitis (brain inflammation), which can result in long-term neurological damage or death. Timely vaccination provides near-total protection against these life-threatening risks.

Vaccination Outside EPI

Measles vaccination is also available through private hospitals and clinics. Typically, the MMR (Measles-Mumps-Rubella) vaccine is administered, offering protection not only against measles but also against mumps and rubella.

Dosage and Schedule

For children, the standard protocol involves two doses:

Adult Vaccination

Adults who missed vaccination in childhood, especially women of reproductive age, are encouraged to receive the vaccine. However, measles vaccination is strictly contraindicated during pregnancy, and conception should be planned at least one month after vaccination.

Side Effects

Measles vaccines are extremely safe. Minor side effects such as temporary redness or swelling at the injection site, mild fever, or mild rash may occur but generally resolve within two to three days. Severe reactions are exceedingly rare.

Prevention Through Awareness

Awareness and timely immunisation remain the most effective tools against measles. Parents are urged to ensure their children receive vaccines on schedule, and adults should verify their own immunisation status to maintain personal and community protection.